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glob.py
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"""Filename globbing utility.""" import contextlib import os import re import fnmatch import functools import itertools import operator import stat import sys __all__ = ["glob", "iglob", "escape", "translate"] def glob(pathname, *, root_dir=None, dir_fd=None, recursive=False, include_hidden=False): """Return a list of paths matching a `pathname` pattern. The pattern may contain simple shell-style wildcards a la fnmatch. Unlike fnmatch, filenames starting with a dot are special cases that are not matched by '*' and '?' patterns by default. The order of the returned list is undefined. Sort it if you need a particular order. If `root_dir` is not None, it should be a path-like object specifying the root directory for searching. It has the same effect as changing the current directory before calling it (without actually changing it). If pathname is relative, the result will contain paths relative to `root_dir`. If `dir_fd` is not None, it should be a file descriptor referring to a directory, and paths will then be relative to that directory. If `include_hidden` is true, the patterns '*', '?', '**' will match hidden directories. If `recursive` is true, the pattern '**' will match any files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. """ return list(iglob(pathname, root_dir=root_dir, dir_fd=dir_fd, recursive=recursive, include_hidden=include_hidden)) def iglob(pathname, *, root_dir=None, dir_fd=None, recursive=False, include_hidden=False): """Return an iterator which yields the paths matching a `pathname` pattern. The pattern may contain simple shell-style wildcards a la fnmatch. However, unlike fnmatch, filenames starting with a dot are special cases that are not matched by '*' and '?' patterns. The order of the returned paths is undefined. Sort them if you need a particular order. If `root_dir` is not None, it should be a path-like object specifying the root directory for searching. It has the same effect as changing the current directory before calling it (without actually changing it). If pathname is relative, the result will contain paths relative to `root_dir`. If `dir_fd` is not None, it should be a file descriptor referring to a directory, and paths will then be relative to that directory. If `include_hidden` is true, the patterns '*', '?', '**' will match hidden directories. If `recursive` is true, the pattern '**' will match any files and zero or more directories and subdirectories. """ sys.audit("glob.glob", pathname, recursive) sys.audit("glob.glob/2", pathname, recursive, root_dir, dir_fd) if root_dir is not None: root_dir = os.fspath(root_dir) else: root_dir = pathname[:0] it = _iglob(pathname, root_dir, dir_fd, recursive, False, include_hidden=include_hidden) if not pathname or recursive and _isrecursive(pathname[:2]): try: s = next(it) # skip empty string if s: it = itertools.chain((s,), it) except StopIteration: pass return it def _iglob(pathname, root_dir, dir_fd, recursive, dironly, include_hidden=False): dirname, basename = os.path.split(pathname) if not has_magic(pathname): assert not dironly if basename: if _lexists(_join(root_dir, pathname), dir_fd): yield pathname else: # Patterns ending with a slash should match only directories if _isdir(_join(root_dir, dirname), dir_fd): yield pathname return if not dirname: if recursive and _isrecursive(basename): yield from _glob2(root_dir, basename, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=include_hidden) else: yield from _glob1(root_dir, basename, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=include_hidden) return # `os.path.split()` returns the argument itself as a dirname if it is a # drive or UNC path. Prevent an infinite recursion if a drive or UNC path # contains magic characters (i.e. r'\\?\C:'). if dirname != pathname and has_magic(dirname): dirs = _iglob(dirname, root_dir, dir_fd, recursive, True, include_hidden=include_hidden) else: dirs = [dirname] if has_magic(basename): if recursive and _isrecursive(basename): glob_in_dir = _glob2 else: glob_in_dir = _glob1 else: glob_in_dir = _glob0 for dirname in dirs: for name in glob_in_dir(_join(root_dir, dirname), basename, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=include_hidden): yield os.path.join(dirname, name) # These 2 helper functions non-recursively glob inside a literal directory. # They return a list of basenames. _glob1 accepts a pattern while _glob0 # takes a literal basename (so it only has to check for its existence). def _glob1(dirname, pattern, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=False): names = _listdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly) if not (include_hidden or _ishidden(pattern)): names = (x for x in names if not _ishidden(x)) return fnmatch.filter(names, pattern) def _glob0(dirname, basename, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=False): if basename: if _lexists(_join(dirname, basename), dir_fd): return [basename] else: # `os.path.split()` returns an empty basename for paths ending with a # directory separator. 'q*x/' should match only directories. if _isdir(dirname, dir_fd): return [basename] return [] _deprecated_function_message = ( "{name} is deprecated and will be removed in Python {remove}. Use " "glob.glob and pass a directory to its root_dir argument instead." ) def glob0(dirname, pattern): import warnings warnings._deprecated("glob.glob0", _deprecated_function_message, remove=(3, 15)) return _glob0(dirname, pattern, None, False) def glob1(dirname, pattern): import warnings warnings._deprecated("glob.glob1", _deprecated_function_message, remove=(3, 15)) return _glob1(dirname, pattern, None, False) # This helper function recursively yields relative pathnames inside a literal # directory. def _glob2(dirname, pattern, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=False): assert _isrecursive(pattern) if not dirname or _isdir(dirname, dir_fd): yield pattern[:0] yield from _rlistdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=include_hidden) # If dironly is false, yields all file names inside a directory. # If dironly is true, yields only directory names. def _iterdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly): try: fd = None fsencode = None if dir_fd is not None: if dirname: fd = arg = os.open(dirname, _dir_open_flags, dir_fd=dir_fd) else: arg = dir_fd if isinstance(dirname, bytes): fsencode = os.fsencode elif dirname: arg = dirname elif isinstance(dirname, bytes): arg = bytes(os.curdir, 'ASCII') else: arg = os.curdir try: with os.scandir(arg) as it: for entry in it: try: if not dironly or entry.is_dir(): if fsencode is not None: yield fsencode(entry.name) else: yield entry.name except OSError: pass finally: if fd is not None: os.close(fd) except OSError: return def _listdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly): with contextlib.closing(_iterdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly)) as it: return list(it) # Recursively yields relative pathnames inside a literal directory. def _rlistdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=False): names = _listdir(dirname, dir_fd, dironly) for x in names: if include_hidden or not _ishidden(x): yield x path = _join(dirname, x) if dirname else x for y in _rlistdir(path, dir_fd, dironly, include_hidden=include_hidden): yield _join(x, y) def _lexists(pathname, dir_fd): # Same as os.path.lexists(), but with dir_fd if dir_fd is None: return os.path.lexists(pathname) try: os.lstat(pathname, dir_fd=dir_fd) except (OSError, ValueError): return False else: return True def _isdir(pathname, dir_fd): # Same as os.path.isdir(), but with dir_fd if dir_fd is None: return os.path.isdir(pathname) try: st = os.stat(pathname, dir_fd=dir_fd) except (OSError, ValueError): return False else: return stat.S_ISDIR(st.st_mode) def _join(dirname, basename): # It is common if dirname or basename is empty if not dirname or not basename: return dirname or basename return os.path.join(dirname, basename) magic_check = re.compile('([*?[])') magic_check_bytes = re.compile(b'([*?[])') def has_magic(s): if isinstance(s, bytes): match = magic_check_bytes.search(s) else: match = magic_check.search(s) return match is not None def _ishidden(path): return path[0] in ('.', b'.'[0]) def _isrecursive(pattern): if isinstance(pattern, bytes): return pattern == b'**' else: return pattern == '**' def escape(pathname): """Escape all special characters. """ # Escaping is done by wrapping any of "*?[" between square brackets. # Metacharacters do not work in the drive part and shouldn't be escaped. drive, pathname = os.path.splitdrive(pathname) if isinstance(pathname, bytes): pathname = magic_check_bytes.sub(br'[\1]', pathname) else: pathname = magic_check.sub(r'[\1]', pathname) return drive + pathname _special_parts = ('', '.', '..') _dir_open_flags = os.O_RDONLY | getattr(os, 'O_DIRECTORY', 0) _no_recurse_symlinks = object() def translate(pat, *, recursive=False, include_hidden=False, seps=None): """Translate a pathname with shell wildcards to a regular expression. If `recursive` is true, the pattern segment '**' will match any number of path segments. If `include_hidden` is true, wildcards can match path segments beginning with a dot ('.'). If a sequence of separator characters is given to `seps`, they will be used to split the pattern into segments and match path separators. If not given, os.path.sep and os.path.altsep (where available) are used. """ if not seps: if os.path.altsep: seps = (os.path.sep, os.path.altsep) else: seps = os.path.sep escaped_seps = ''.join(map(re.escape, seps)) any_sep = f'[{escaped_seps}]' if len(seps) > 1 else escaped_seps not_sep = f'[^{escaped_seps}]' if include_hidden: one_last_segment = f'{not_sep}+' one_segment = f'{one_last_segment}{any_sep}' any_segments = f'(?:.+{any_sep})?' any_last_segments = '.*' else: one_last_segment = f'[^{escaped_seps}.]{not_sep}*' one_segment = f'{one_last_segment}{any_sep}' any_segments = f'(?:{one_segment})*' any_last_segments = f'{any_segments}(?:{one_last_segment})?' results = [] parts = re.split(any_sep, pat) last_part_idx = len(parts) - 1 for idx, part in enumerate(parts): if part == '*': results.append(one_segment if idx < last_part_idx else one_last_segment) elif recursive and part == '**': if idx < last_part_idx: if parts[idx + 1] != '**': results.append(any_segments) else: results.append(any_last_segments) else: if part: if not include_hidden and part[0] in '*?': results.append(r'(?!\.)') results.extend(fnmatch._translate(part, f'{not_sep}*', not_sep)[0]) if idx < last_part_idx: results.append(any_sep) res = ''.join(results) return fr'(?s:{res})\z' @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=512) def _compile_pattern(pat, seps, case_sensitive, recursive=True): """Compile given glob pattern to a re.Pattern object (observing case sensitivity).""" flags = re.NOFLAG if case_sensitive else re.IGNORECASE regex = translate(pat, recursive=recursive, include_hidden=True, seps=seps) return re.compile(regex, flags=flags).match class _GlobberBase: """Abstract class providing shell-style pattern matching and globbing. """ def __init__(self, sep, case_sensitive, case_pedantic=False, recursive=False): self.sep = sep self.case_sensitive = case_sensitive self.case_pedantic = case_pedantic self.recursive = recursive # Abstract methods @staticmethod def lexists(path): """Implements os.path.lexists(). """ raise NotImplementedError @staticmethod def scandir(path): """Like os.scandir(), but generates (entry, name, path) tuples. """ raise NotImplementedError @staticmethod def concat_path(path, text): """Implements path concatenation. """ raise NotImplementedError # High-level methods def compile(self, pat, altsep=None): seps = (self.sep, altsep) if altsep else self.sep return _compile_pattern(pat, seps, self.case_sensitive, self.recursive) def selector(self, parts): """Returns a function that selects from a given path, walking and filtering according to the glob-style pattern parts in *parts*. """ if not parts: return self.select_exists part = parts.pop() if self.recursive and part == '**': selector = self.recursive_selector elif part in _special_parts: selector = self.special_selector elif not self.case_pedantic and magic_check.search(part) is None: selector = self.literal_selector else: selector = self.wildcard_selector return selector(part, parts) def special_selector(self, part, parts): """Returns a function that selects special children of the given path. """ if parts: part += self.sep select_next = self.selector(parts) def select_special(path, exists=False): path = self.concat_path(path, part) return select_next(path, exists) return select_special def literal_selector(self, part, parts): """Returns a function that selects a literal descendant of a path. """ # Optimization: consume and join any subsequent literal parts here, # rather than leaving them for the next selector. This reduces the # number of string concatenation operations. while parts and magic_check.search(parts[-1]) is None: part += self.sep + parts.pop() if parts: part += self.sep select_next = self.selector(parts) def select_literal(path, exists=False): path = self.concat_path(path, part) return select_next(path, exists=False) return select_literal def wildcard_selector(self, part, parts): """Returns a function that selects direct children of a given path, filtering by pattern. """ match = None if part == '*' else self.compile(part) dir_only = bool(parts) if dir_only: select_next = self.selector(parts) def select_wildcard(path, exists=False): try: entries = self.scandir(path) except OSError: pass else: for entry, entry_name, entry_path in entries: if match is None or match(entry_name): if dir_only: try: if not entry.is_dir(): continue except OSError: continue entry_path = self.concat_path(entry_path, self.sep) yield from select_next(entry_path, exists=True) else: yield entry_path return select_wildcard def recursive_selector(self, part, parts): """Returns a function that selects a given path and all its children, recursively, filtering by pattern. """ # Optimization: consume following '**' parts, which have no effect. while parts and parts[-1] == '**': parts.pop() # Optimization: consume and join any following non-special parts here, # rather than leaving them for the next selector. They're used to # build a regular expression, which we use to filter the results of # the recursive walk. As a result, non-special pattern segments # following a '**' wildcard don't require additional filesystem access # to expand. follow_symlinks = self.recursive is not _no_recurse_symlinks if follow_symlinks: while parts and parts[-1] not in _special_parts: part += self.sep + parts.pop() match = None if part == '**' else self.compile(part) dir_only = bool(parts) select_next = self.selector(parts) def select_recursive(path, exists=False): match_pos = len(str(path)) if match is None or match(str(path), match_pos): yield from select_next(path, exists) stack = [path] while stack: yield from select_recursive_step(stack, match_pos) def select_recursive_step(stack, match_pos): path = stack.pop() try: entries = self.scandir(path) except OSError: pass else: for entry, _entry_name, entry_path in entries: is_dir = False try: if entry.is_dir(follow_symlinks=follow_symlinks): is_dir = True except OSError: pass if is_dir or not dir_only: entry_path_str = str(entry_path) if dir_only: entry_path = self.concat_path(entry_path, self.sep) if match is None or match(entry_path_str, match_pos): if dir_only: yield from select_next(entry_path, exists=True) else: # Optimization: directly yield the path if this is # last pattern part. yield entry_path if is_dir: stack.append(entry_path) return select_recursive def select_exists(self, path, exists=False): """Yields the given path, if it exists. """ if exists: # Optimization: this path is already known to exist, e.g. because # it was returned from os.scandir(), so we skip calling lstat(). yield path elif self.lexists(path): yield path class _StringGlobber(_GlobberBase): """Provides shell-style pattern matching and globbing for string paths. """ lexists = staticmethod(os.path.lexists) concat_path = operator.add @staticmethod def scandir(path): # We must close the scandir() object before proceeding to # avoid exhausting file descriptors when globbing deep trees. with os.scandir(path) as scandir_it: entries = list(scandir_it) return ((entry, entry.name, entry.path) for entry in entries) class _PathGlobber(_GlobberBase): """Provides shell-style pattern matching and globbing for pathlib paths. """ @staticmethod def lexists(path): return path.info.exists(follow_symlinks=False) @staticmethod def scandir(path): return ((child.info, child.name, child) for child in path.iterdir()) @staticmethod def concat_path(path, text): return path.with_segments(str(path) + text)